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João I Of Portugal
John I ( ’uˈÉ̃w̃ 11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433), also called John of Aviz, was King of Portugal from 1385 until his death in 1433. He is recognized chiefly for his role in Portugal's victory in a succession war with Castile, preserving his country's independence and establishing the Aviz (or Joanine) dynasty on the Portuguese throne. His long reign of 48 years, the most extensive of all Portuguese monarchs, saw the beginning of Portugal's overseas expansion. John's well-remembered reign in his country earned him the epithet of Fond Memory (''de Boa Memória''); he was also referred to as "the Good" (''o Bom''), sometimes "the Great" (''o Grande''), and more rarely, especially in Spain, as "the Bastard" (''Bastardo''). Early life John was born in Lisbon as the natural son of King Peter I of Portugal by a woman named Teresa, who, according to the royal chronicler Fernão Lopes in the Chronicle of the King D. Pedro I, was a noble Galician. In the 18th century, Antà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Portugal
This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portugal, Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution. Through the nearly 800 years in which Portugal was a monarchy, the kings held various other Style of the Portuguese sovereign, titles and pretensions. Two kings of Portugal, Ferdinand I of Portugal, Ferdinand I and Afonso V of Portugal, Afonso V, claimed the crown of Castile and waged wars in order to enforce their respective claims. Ferdinand I managed to be recognized as Kingdom of Galicia, King of Galiza in 1369, although his dominance of the region was short-lived. When the House of Habsburg came into power, the kings of Spain, kings of Naples, Naples, and kings of Sicily, Sicily also became kings of Portugal. The House of Braganza brought numerous titles to the Portuguese Crown some honorary, such as the attribution of the title of ''Rex F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teresa Lourenço
Teresa Lourenço (Lisbon, 1330 – ?), was the lover of King Peter I of Portugal and mother of King John I of Portugal. Life According to Fernão Lopes, a 15th-century Portuguese chronicler, she was a noble called Dona Tareija Lourenço from the Kingdom of Galicia, but later it was established, first in the eighteenth century by António Caetano de Sousa who found a document in the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, that she was a common woman from Lisbon. Her parents were Lourenço and Sancha Martins, who were merchants. She had a love affair with King Peter I of Portugal after the assassination of Inês de Castro. She became pregnant and gave birth to a son John I of Portugal, John. King Peter confided the boy to Teresa's father Lourenço, to give the boy a good education and raise him to be a knight. In 1364, John was created Grand Master of the Order of Aviz. He even became King of Portugal (r. 1385–1433), after the 1383–1385 Crisis. After the birth of John, nothing furt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heir Presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner. Overview Depending on the rules of the monarchy, the heir presumptive might be the daughter of a monarch if males take preference over females and the monarch has no sons, or the senior member of a collateral line if the monarch is childless or the monarch's direct descendants cannot inherit either because #they are daughters and females are completely barred from inheriting #the monarch's children are illegitimate, or #some other legal disqualification, such as ##being descended from the monarch through a morganatic line or ##the descendant's refusal or inability to adopt a religion the monarch is required to profess. The subsequent birth of a legitimate child t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Aviz
The Military Order of Aviz (), known previously to 1910 as the Royal Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (), and before 1789 as the Knights of Saint Benedict of Aviz () or ''Friars of Santa Maria of Évora'', is one of the four former ancient Portugal, Portuguese Military order (religious society), military orders. It gave its name and coat of arms to the House of Aviz that ruled Portugal between 1385 and 1580. The founding king of House of Aviz, John I of Portugal, was an Royal bastard, illegitimate son of Peter I of Portugal, a previous king, and thus not a member of his father's Portuguese House of Burgundy; however, John was the Grand master (order), grand master of the Order of Aviz, and thus was known as "John of Aviz." Founded in 1146, it is the oldest Orders, decorations, and medals of Portugal, Portuguese honorific order. History Early history The order, as a monastic military order, was founded in emulation of such military orders as the Knights Templar, which exis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Christ (Portugal)
The Military Order of Christ is a Portuguese honorific order. It is the former order of Knights Templar as it was reconstituted in Portugal. Before 1910, it was known as the Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ, and the Order of the Knights of Our Lord Jesus Christ. It was founded in 1318, with the protection of King Denis of Portugal, after the Templars were abolished on 22 March 1312 by the papal bull, '' Vox in excelso'', issued by Pope Clement V. King Denis refused to pursue and persecute the former knights as had occurred in most of the other sovereign states under the political influence of the Catholic Church. Heavily swayed by Philip IV of France, Pope Clement had the Knights Templar annihilated throughout France and most of Europe on charges of heresy, but Denis revived the Templars of Tomar as the Order of Christ, largely for their aid during the ''Reconquista'' and in the reconstruction of Portugal after the wars. Denis negotiated with Clement's successor, J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torre Do Tombo
The Torre do Tombo National Archive (), commonly known simply as the Torre do Tombo (; literally "Tower of the Wiktionary:tome, Tome") is the national archive of Portugal, located in Lisbon. Established in 1378, it is one of the oldest archival institutions in the world. History The archive is one of the oldest institutions in Portugal, since its installation in one of the towers of the Castle of São Jorge, castle in Lisbon, occurring during the reign of Ferdinand I of Portugal, Ferdinand I, and likely in 1378 (the date where the first testimony originated). The archive served as the King's and nobilities' reference, with documents supporting the administration of the kingdom and overseas territories, and documenting the relationships between the State and foreign kingdoms. This institution was maintained by the Royal Keeper, an office sometimes paired with the post of Chief Chronicler of the Kingdom of Portugal, Chief Chronicler of the Kingdom. The first known Royal Keeper was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Galicia
The Kingdom of Galicia was a political entity located in southwestern Europe, which at its territorial zenith occupied the entire northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In the early 10th century, the Kingdom of Galicia was formed following the division of the Kingdom of Asturias after the death of Alfonso III of Asturias, Alfonso III in 910. His sons split the kingdom, with Ordoño II inheriting Galicia. While Galicia became a distinct political entity, it remained closely tied to the Leonese and Asturian realms through dynastic connections. Later, Ordoño II would integrate Galicia into the Kingdom of León when he inherited the latter. Though the Kingdom of Galicia had moments of semi-independence, it was typically seen as part of the Kingdom of León. Santiago de Compostela, Compostela became the capital of Galicia in the 11th century, while the independence of Portugal (1128) determined its southern boundary. The accession of Castilian King Ferdinand III of Castile, Ferdinand II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronicle Of The King D
A chronicle (, from Greek ''chroniká'', from , ''chrónos'' – "time") is a historical account of events arranged in chronological order, as in a timeline. Typically, equal weight is given for historically important events and local events, the purpose being the recording of events that occurred, seen from the perspective of the chronicler. A chronicle which traces world history is a universal chronicle. This is in contrast to a narrative or history, in which an author chooses events to interpret and analyze and excludes those the author does not consider important or relevant. The information sources for chronicles vary. Some are written from the chronicler's direct knowledge, others from witnesses or participants in events, still others are accounts passed down from generation to generation by oral tradition.Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts, ''Memory and Gender in Medieval Europe: 900–1200'' (Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1999), pp. 19–20. Some used writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernão Lopes
Fernão Lopes (; – after 1459) was a Portuguese chronicler appointed by King Edward of Portugal. Fernão Lopes wrote the history of Portugal, but only a part of his work remained. His way of writing was based on oral discourse, and, on every page, it revealed his roots among the common people. He is one of the fathers of the European historiography, or a precursor of the scientific historiography, basing his works always on the documental proof, and, as he said, on his pages "one cannot find the beauty of words but the nudity of the truth." He was an autodidact. By the time of his death, a new kind of knowledge was arising, a Latinized scholasticism that involved imitations of the classics. Life It is assumed that he was born between the years 1380 and 1390, with a probable villainous family background. There is a chance that he was born and later buried in Alandroal, in Alentejo, based on the inscription of a tombstone, which may have belonged to him, and on the hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Bastard
A royal bastard is a child of a reigning monarch born out of wedlock. The king might have a child with a Mistress (lover), mistress, or the legitimacy of a marriage might be questioned for reasons concerning succession. Notable royal bastards include Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I of England, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, Henry FitzRoy, son of Henry VIII of England, and the James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, Duke of Monmouth, son of Charles II of England, Charles II. The Anglo-Norman language, Anglo-Norman surname Fitzroy (surname), Fitzroy means son of a king and was used by various Legitimacy (family law), illegitimate royal offspring, and by others who claimed to be such. In medieval England, a bastard's coat of arms was marked with a Bend (heraldry), bend or baton sinister. Notable fictional examples include Mordred, the villainous illegitimate son of King Arthur. Some fictional portrayals of royal bastards are l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities, autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and List of largest cities in Spain, largest city is Madrid, and other major List of metropolitan areas in Spain, urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
